Bert McCoy's
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English 9-12
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          • Death Takes A Holiday 1934
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            • Vertigo 1958
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        • Films To Consider: >
          • Breathless, by Jean-Luc Godard (1960)
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          • Mr. Holland's Opus >
            • Vimeo Short Films
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          • The Conformist >
            • The Conformist
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    • English 9 Unit 1 >
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      • Commencement Speeches #1
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    • 1984 Language, Gendetr, and Culture in George Orwell's 1984 >
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    • Standards
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      • English 12a Final Essay
      • Letter To Myself >
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        • BBC Anglo-Saxons >
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            • Worst Jobs in History (Middle Ages)
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            • The Worst Jobs In History--Roman & Anglo-Saxon
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            • The Medievil Mind >
              • The Medieval Belief
              • The Medievil Treasures BBC
              • The Medieval Power
              • Age of Conquest
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            • Beowulf >
              • In Search of Beowulf
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                • Paganism vs Christianity
                • The Germanic Tribes
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        • Language
    • English 12 Reading >
      • Epic of Gilgamesh Audio 2000 BC.
      • Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Late 14th-century
      • The Wife of Bath's Tale 1405-1410 from canterbury Tales
      • The Passionate Shepard
      • Shakespeare 1564-1616 >
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          • Hamlet's, "To Be or Not to Be"
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          • Sonnet 1
          • Sonnet 1 Blog:
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      • Romeo & Juliet/ Shakespeare 4/15 >
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    • Six Centuries of Verse: Metaphysical & Devotional Poets >
      • Ben Johnson
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      • Andrew Marvell >
        • Jonathan Swift
        • A Modest Proposal
      • To His Coy Mistress
    • Romanticism 1790-1850 >
      • Romantic Spirit
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    • Favorite Artists >
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      • Harol Bloom/ How to read and why
    • Jorge Luis Borges
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      • Robert Bly 2
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    • Ray Bradberry >
      • There Will Come Soft Rains
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    • Russell Brand >
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      • Buddha
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      • The Alchemist by
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      • John Coltrane
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      • Bob Dylan
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      • Brave New World 2014 >
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The Odyssey Vocabulary Words
​

"The Odyssey," Vocabulary from Books 1-7

An odyssey now refers to any long wandering and eventful journey. But despite including encounters with an angry god, a one-eyed monster, and a man-changing witch, the ancient Greek poet Homer was not focused on a hero going out to seek adventures, but on a man trying to reunite with his family. In his lyrical translation of the epic poem, Robert Fitzgerald brings the 8th century BC story of "The Odyssey" home to a modern audience. 

Here are links to our lists for the book: Books 1-7, Books 8-13, Books 14-18, Books 19-24
  1. valor
    courage when facing danger
    But not by will nor valor could he save them, for their own recklessness destroyed them all
  2. affliction
    a cause of great suffering and distress
    My word, how mortals take the gods to task! All their afflictions come from us, we hear.
  3. baleful
    threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
    But my own heart is broken for Odysseus, the master mind of war, so long a castaway upon an island in the running sea; a wooded island, in the sea’s middle, and there’s a goddess in the place, the daughter of one whosebaleful mind knows all the deeps of the blue sea
  4. din
    a loud harsh or strident noise
    To be amid the din, the suitors’ riot, would ruin his guest’s appetite, he thought, and he wished privacy to ask for news about his father, gone for years.
  5. glutton
    a person who is devoted to eating and drinking to excess
    How arrogant they seem, these gluttons, making free here in your house!
  6. rapine
    the act of despoiling a country in warfare
    If you choose to slaughter one man’s livestock and pay nothing, this israpine
  7. eligible
    qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen
    “Telemakhos, no doubt the gods themselves are teaching you this high and mighty manner. Zeus forbid you should be king in Ithaka, though you areeligible as your father’s son.”
  8. havoc
    violent and needless disturbance
    But keep your property, and rule your house, and let no man, against your will, make havoc of your possessions, while there’s life on Ithaka.
  9. lavish
    bestow or expend profusely
    Athena lavished on him a sunlit grace that held the eye of the multitude.
  10. audacity
    aggressive boldness or unmitigated effrontery
    A wave of sympathy ran through the crowd, all hushed; and no one there had the audacity to answer harshly except Antmoos, who said: “What high and mighty talk, Telemakhos! No holding you!"
  11. wield
    handle effectively
    Now Zeus who views the wide world sent a sign to him, launching a pair of eagles from a mountain crest in gliding flight down the soft blowing wind, wing-tip to wing-tip quivering taut, companions, till high above the assembly of many voices they wheeled, their dense wings beating, and in havoc dropped on the heads of the crowd—a deathly omen— wieldingtheir talons, tearing cheeks and throats
  12. virtuous
    morally excellent
    Let no man holding scepter as a king be thoughtful, mild, kindly, orvirtuous; let him be cruel, and practice evil ways; it is so clear that no one here remembers how like a gentle father Odysseus ruled you.
  13. lucid
    transparently clear; easily understandable
    Athena was nearby and came to him, putting on Mentor’s figure and his tone, the warm voice in a lucid flight of words
  14. prudence
    discretion in practical affairs
    The son is rare who measures with his father, and one in a thousand is a better man, but you will have the sap and wit and prudence—for you get that from Odysseus—to give you a fair chance of winning through.
  15. libation
    the act of pouring a liquid offering as a religious ceremony
    Now they made all secure in the fast black ship, and, setting out the winebowls all a-brim, they made libation to the gods, the undying, the ever-new, most of all to the grey-eyed daughter of Zeus.
  16. interrogate
    pose a series of questions to
    I have no practice in elaborate speeches, and for a young man tointerrogate an old man seems disrespectful
  17. precedence
    status established in order of importance or urgency
    Athena liked his manners, and the equity that gave her precedence with the cup of gold
  18. harangue
    address forcefully
    Menelaos harangued them to get organized—time to ride home on the sea’s broad back, he said; but Agamemnon wouldn’t hear of it.
  19. insidious
    working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way
    I’d be revenged for outrage on my insidious and brazen enemies.
  20. pauper
    a person who is very poor
    Now Zeus forbid, and the other gods as well, that you should spend the night on board, and leave me as though I were some pauper without a stitch, no blankets in his house, no piles of rugs, no sleeping soft for host or guest!
  21. scion
    a descendent or heir
    And that day, too, he brought Alektor’s daughter to marry his tall scion, Megapenthes, born of a slave girl during the long war
  22. desolation
    sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned
    You must have heard your fathers tell my story, whoever your fathers are; you must know of my life, the anguish I once had, and the great house full of my treasure, left in desolation.
  23. maleficent
    harmful or evil in intent or effect
    It had been supplied her by Polydamna, mistress of Lord Thon, in Egypt, where the rich plantations grow herbs of all kinds, maleficent and healthful; and no one else knows medicine as they do, Egyptian heirs of Paian, the healing god.
  24. infallible
    incapable of failure or error
    let me tell you what the Ancient of the Sea, who is infallible, said to me—every word.
  25. bestial
    resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility
    But here the nymph, again, came to our rescue, dabbing ambrosia under each man’s nose—a perfume drowning out the bestial odor.
  26. feign
    give a false appearance of
    Old one, you know the reason—why feign not to know?
  27. promontory
    a natural elevation
    One is alive, a castaway at sea; the other, Aias, perished with all hands—though first Poseidon landed him on Gyrai promontory, and saved him from the ocean.
  28. ruffian
    a cruel and brutal fellow
    I would be seen among those ruffians, hateful as they are. I might well say a word, then, to my son, for his own good—tell him to shun that crowd
  29. chastise
    censure severely
    And show more grace in your obedience, or be chastised by Zeus.
  30. versatile
    changeable or inconstant
    Son of Laertes, versatile Odysseus, after these years with me, you still desire your old home?
  31. malignant
    dangerous to health
    What a dear welcome thing life seems to children whose father, in the extremity, recovers after some weakening and malignant illness
  32. derelict
    worn and broken down by hard use
    O hear me, lord of the stream: how sorely I depend upon your mercy!derelict as I am by the sea’s anger.
  33. succumb
    be fatally overwhelmed
    In vigil through the night here by the river how can I not succumb, being weak and sick, to the night’s damp and hoarfrost of the morning?
  34. remiss
    failing in what duty requires
    How so remiss, and yet thy mother’s daughter? leaving thy clothes uncared for, Nausikaa, when soon thou must have store of marriage linen
  35. buffet
    strike against forcefully
    so came out rustling, like a mountain lion, rain-drenched, wind- buffeted, but in his might at ease, with burning eyes
  36. averse
    strongly opposed
    The Olympian gods cannot be all averse to this man’s coming here among our islanders. Uncouth he seemed, I thought so, too, before; but now he looks like one of heaven’s people.
  37. aloof
    remote in manner
    O listen to me now—thou so aloof while the Earthshaker wrecked and battered me.
  38. deference
    courteous regard for people's feelings
    He prayed for that, and Pallas Athena heard him—although in deferenceto her father’s brother she would not show her true form to Odysseus, 
    at whom Poseidon smoldered on until the kingly man came home to his own shore.
  39. auspicious
    auguring favorable circumstances and good luck
    But cliffs and rock shoals made that place forbidding, so I turned back, swimming off shore, and came in the end to a river, to auspicious water, with smooth beach and a rise that broke the wind.
  40. provender
    a stock or supply of foods
    But she gave me good provender and good red wine, a river bath, and finally this clothing.
​"The Odyssey," Vocabulary from Books 8-13

An odyssey now refers to any long wandering and eventful journey. But despite including encounters with an angry god, a one-eyed monster, and a man-changing witch, the ancient Greek poet Homer was not focused on a hero going out to seek adventures, but on a man trying to reunite with his family. In his lyrical translation of the epic poem, Robert Fitzgerald brings the 8th century BC story of "The Odyssey" home to a modern audience. 

Here are links to our lists for the book: Books 1-7, Books 8-13, Books 14-18, Books 19-24
  1. conveyance
    the act of moving something from one location to another
    Our guest and new friend—nameless to me still—comes to my house after long wandering in Dawn lands, or among the Sunset races. Now he appeals to me for conveyance home.
  2. inept
    generally incompetent and ineffectual
    Inept at combat, am I? Not entirely. Give me a smooth bow; I can handle it, and I might well be first to hit my man amid a swarm of enemies, though archers in company around me drew together.
  3. munificence
    liberality in bestowing gifts
    The goddesses stayed home for shame; but these munificences ranged there in the doorway, and irrepressible among them all arose the laughter of the happy gods.
  4. peerless
    eminent beyond or above comparison
    O majesty, model of all your folk, your promise was to show me peerlessdancers
  5. paramount
    having superior power and influence
    Here are twelve princes of the kingdom—lords paramount, and I who make thirteen; let each one bring a laundered cloak and tunic, and add one bar of honorable gold.
  6. blithely
    in a joyous, carefree, or unconcerned manner
    He turned to give the broadsword to Odysseus, facing him, saying blithely: “Sir, my best wishes, my respects; if I offended, I hope the seawinds blow it out of mind.
  7. immersion
    the act of wetting something by submerging it
    And soon a call came from the Bathing Mistress who led him to a hip-bath, warm and clear—a happy sight, and rare in his immersions after he left Kalypso’s home—where, surely, the luxuries of a god were ever his.
  8. citadel
    a stronghold for shelter during a battle
    For when the Trojans pulled it in, themselves, up to the citadel, they sat nearby with long-drawn-out and hapless argument
  9. decorum
    propriety in manners and conduct
    Let everyone be easy, host and guest; there’s more decorum in a smiling banquet!
  10. suppliant
    one praying humbly for something
    We had prepared here, on our friend’s behalf, safe conduct in a ship, and gifts to cheer him, holding that any man with a grain of wit will treat a decent suppliant like a brother.
  11. congenial
    suitable to your needs
    Some kin of yours, then, died at Ilion, some first rate man, by marriage near to you, next your own blood most dear? Or some companion of congenialmind and valor?
  12. squall
    sudden violent winds, often accompanied by precipitation
    Now Zeus the lord of cloud roused in the north a storm against the ships, and driving veils of squall moved down like night on land and sea.
  13. teeming
    abundantly filled with especially living things
    Nine days I drifted on the teeming sea before dangerous high winds.
  14. appalled
    struck with fear, dread, or consternation
    We cried aloud, lifting our hands to Zeus, powerless, looking on at this,appalled; but Kyklops went on filling up his belly with manflesh and great gulps of whey
  15. avowal
    a statement asserting the truth of something
    Come back, Odysseus, and I’ll treat you well, praying the god of earthquake to befriend you—his son I am, for he by his avowal fathered me, and, if he will, he may heal me of this black wound
  16. rueful
    feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offenses
    Down in the bilge I lay, pulling my sea cloak over my head, while the rough gale blew the ships and rueful crews clear back to Aiolia.
  17. converge
    move or draw together at a certain location
    Here, then, we found a curious bay with mountain walls of stone to left and right, and reaching far inland,—a narrow entrance opening from the sea where cliffs converged as though to touch and close.
  18. limpid
    clear and bright
    Black prow by prow those hulls were made fast in a limpid calm without a ripple, stillness all around them.
  19. foreboding
    a feeling of evil to come
    But working with dry lips to speak a word he could not, being so shaken; blinding tears welled in his eyes; foreboding filled his heart.
  20. assuage
    cause to be more favorably inclined
    Thus to assuage the nations of the dead I pledged these rites, then slashed the lamb and ewe, letting their black blood stream into the wellpit.
  21. ignoble
    completely lacking nobility in character or purpose
    Son of great Laertes, Odysseus, master mariner and soldier, bad luck shadowed me, and no kindly power; ignoble death I drank with so much wine.
  22. bereft
    sorrowful through loss or deprivation
    Though you survive alone, bereft of all companions, lost for years, under strange sail shall you come home, to find your own house filled with trouble
  23. impalpable
    not perceptible to the touch
    I bit my lip, rising perplexed, with longing to embrace her, and tried three times, putting my arms around her, but she went sifting through my hands,impalpable as shadows are, and wavering like a dream.
  24. unwitting
    not aware or knowing
    I saw the mother of Oidipous, Epikaste, whose great unwitting deed it was to marry her own son.
  25. indomitable
    impossible to subdue
    And I saw Leda, wife of Tyndareus, upon whom Tyndareus had sired twinsindomitable: Kastor, tamer of horses, and Polydeukes, best in the boxing ring.
  26. largesse
    a gift or money given, usually ostentatiously
    “Alkinoos, king and admiration of men, even a year’s delay, if you should urge it, in loading gifts and furnishing for sea—I too could wish it; better far that I return with some largesse of wealth about me—I shall be thought more worthy of love and courtesy by every man who greets me home in Ithaka.”
  27. clangor
    a loud resonant repeating noise
    Other and sadder tales there are to tell, of my companions, of some who came through all the Trojan spears, clangor and groan of war, only to find a brutal death at home—and a bad wife behind it.
  28. bastion
    a stronghold for shelter during a battle
    I cannot help him under the sun’s rays, cannot be that man I was on Troy’s wide seaboard, in those days when I made bastion for the Argives and put an army’s best men in the dust.
  29. calamitous
    having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences
    Aias, dear son of royal Telamon, you would not then forget, even in death, your fury with me over those accurst calamitous arms?
  30. perilous
    fraught with danger
    He made me hunt this place one time to get the watchdog of the dead: no more perilous task, he thought, could be
  31. pandemonium
    a state of extreme confusion and disorder
    I should have met, then, god-begotten Theseus and Peirithoos, whom both I longed to see, but first came shades in thousands, rustling in apandemonium of whispers, blown together
  32. eddy
    flow in a circular current, of liquids
    The girls unhitched the mules, and sent them down along the eddyingstream to crop sweet grass.
  33. felicity
    state of well-being characterized by contentment
    Live in felicity, and make this palace lovely for your children, your countrymen, and your king, Alkinoos.
  34. reprisal
    a retaliatory action against an enemy in wartime
    But if some mortal captain, overcome by his own pride of strength, cuts or defies you, are you not always free to take reprisal?
  35. unearthly
    suggesting the operation of supernatural influences
    The landscape then looked strange, unearthly strange to the Lord Odysseus: paths by hill and shore, glimpses of harbors, cliffs, and summer trees.
  36. meager
    deficient in amount or quality or extent
    No one would use this ground for training horses, it is too broken, has no breadth of meadow; but there is nothing meager about the soil, the yield of grain is wondrous, and wine, too, with drenching rains and dewfall.
  37. dissimulation
    the act of deceiving
    Whoever gets around you must be sharp and guileful as a snake; even a god might bow to you in ways of dissimulation.
  38. hinterland
    a remote and undeveloped area
    But after we had sacked the shrines of Priam and put to sea, God scattered the Akhaians; I never saw you after that, never knew you aboard with me, to act as shield in grievous times—not till you gave me comfort in the richhinterland of the Phaiakians and were yourself my guide into that city.
  39. cache
    a hidden storage space
    We go to make a cache now, in the cave, to keep your treasure hid.
  40. colloquy
    a conversation especially a formal one
    Now then, their colloquy at an end, they went their ways
"The Odyssey," Vocabulary from Books 14-18
​

An odyssey now refers to any long wandering and eventful journey. But despite including encounters with an angry god, a one-eyed monster, and a man-changing witch, the ancient Greek poet Homer was not focused on a hero going out to seek adventures, but on a man trying to reunite with his family. In his lyrical translation of the epic poem, Robert Fitzgerald brings the 8th century BC story of "The Odyssey" home to a modern audience. 

Here are links to our lists for the book: Books 1-7, Books 8-13, Books 14-18, Books 19-24
  1. mourn
    express grief after the death of a loved one
    As though I had not trouble enough already, given me by the gods, my master gone, true king that he was. I hang on here, still mourning for him, raising pigs of his to feed foreigners
  2. sojourn
    a temporary stay
    Seven years, then, my sojourn lasted there, and I amassed a fortune, going about among the openhanded Egyptians.
  3. inveigle
    influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering
    The cold is making a corpse of me. Some god inveigled me to come without a cloak.
  4. ominous
    threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
    Listen, lads, I had an ominous dream, the point being how far forward from our ships and lines we’ve come.
  5. benevolent
    showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding
    Homage to Nestor, the benevolent king; in my time he was fatherly to me, when the flower of Akhaia warred on Troy.
  6. fury
    a feeling of intense anger
    The beaked eagle flew from the wild mountain of his fathers to take for prey the tame house bird. Just so, Odysseus, back from his hard trials and wandering, will soon come down in fury on his house.
  7. imperious
    having or showing arrogant superiority
    If you delay, he will not let you go, but he’ll descend on you in person andimperious; no turning back with empty hands for him, believe me, once his blood is up.
  8. sequester
    requisition forcibly, as of enemy property
    And Neleus for a year’s term sequestered Melampous’ fields and flocks, while he lay bound hand and foot in the keep of Phylakos.
  9. enlighten
    make understand
    I pray you by the wine you spend, and by your god, your own life, and your company; enlighten me, and let the truth be known.
  10. patron
    someone who supports or champions something
    By grace of Hermes the Wayfinder, patron of mortal tasks, the god who honors toil, no man can do a chore better than I can.
  11. minion
    a servile or fawning dependant
    Slaves they have, but not like you. No—theirs are boys in fresh cloaks and tunics with pomade ever on their sleek heads, and pretty faces. These are their minions, while their tables gleam and groan under big roasts, with loaves and wine.
  12. respite
    a relief from harm or discomfort
    Respite from pain you give me—and from homelessness.
  13. vagabond
    a wanderer with no established residence or means of support
    In life there’s nothing worse than knocking about the world, no bitterness wevagabonds are spared when the curst belly rages!
  14. renowned
    widely known and esteemed
    Now one day some of those renowned seafaring men, sea-dogs, Phoinikians, came ashore with bags of gauds for trading.
  15. berth
    secure in or as if in a dock
    “Pull for the town,” he said, “and berth our ship, while I go inland across country.
  16. courier
    a person who carries a message
    The words were barely spoken, when a hawk, Apollo’s courier, flew up on the right, clutching a dove and plucking her
  17. candor
    the quality of being honest and straightforward
    Telemakhos with his clear candor said: “I am with you, Uncle. See now, I have come because I wanted to see you first, to hear from you if Mother stayed at home—or is she married off to someone and Odysseus’ bed left empty for some gloomy spider’s weaving?”
  18. quandary
    state of uncertainty in a choice between unfavorable options
    Besides, mother is in a quandary, whether to stay with me as mistress of our household, honoring her lord’s bed, and opinion in the town, or take the best Akhaian who comes her way—the one who offers most.
  19. rancor
    a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will
    There is no rancor in the town against me, no fault of brothers, whom a man should feel behind him when a fight is in the making
  20. incredulity
    doubt about the truth of something
    Only Telemakhos, uncomprehending, wild with incredulity, cried out: “You cannot be my father Odysseus!
  21. squelch
    suppress or crush completely
    We were prepared to cut him off and catch him, squelch him for good and all.
  22. righteous
    morally justified
    I say, act now, before he brings the whole body of Akhaians to assembly—and he would leave no word unsaid, in righteous anger speaking out before them all of how we plotted murder, and then missed him.
  23. patrimony
    an inheritance coming by right of birth
    but if, my friends, you want that boy to live and have his patrimony, then we should eat no more of his good mutton, come to this place no more.
  24. ravage
    cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
    It is Odysseus’ house you now consume, his wife you court, his son you kill, or try to kill. And me you ravage now, and grieve.
  25. surmise
    infer from incomplete evidence
    As I climbed above the town to where the sky is cut by Hermes’ ridge, I saw a ship bound in for our own bay with many oarsmen in it, laden down with sea provisioning and two-edged spears, and I surmised those were the men.
  26. forsake
    leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch
    Mother must see me there, with her own eyes, or she will weep and feelforsaken still, and will not set her mind at rest.
  27. portent
    a sign of something about to happen
    He has it in him to bring a black hour on the suitors. Yesterday, still at the ship, I saw this in a portent.
  28. mendicant
    a pauper who lives by begging
    At no long interval, Odysseus came through his own doorway as amendicant, humped like a bundle of rags over his stick.
  29. goad
    stab or urge on as if with a pointed stick
    With his unpleasantness, he will forever make strife where he can—andgoad the others on.
  30. qualm
    uneasiness about the fitness of an action
    And spare your qualms as to my mother’s loss, or anyone’s—not that in truth you have such care at heart: your heart is all in feeding, not in giving.
  31. alms
    money or goods contributed to the poor
    I, too, you know, had fortune once, lived well, stood well with men, and gavealms, often, to poor wanderers like this one that you see—aye, to all sorts, no matter in what dire want.
  32. rummage
    search haphazardly
    You sit here, fat on others’ meat, and cannot bring yourself to rummageout a crust of bread for me!
  33. famished
    extremely hungry
    A poor show, that—hitting this famished tramp—bad business, if he happened to be a god.
  34. squander
    spend thoughtlessly; throw away
    But these men spend their days around our house killing our beeves, our fat goats and our sheep, carousing, drinking up our good dark wine; sparing nothing, squandering everything.
  35. farce
    a comedy characterized by broad satire
    What a farce heaven has brought this house!
  36. wily
    marked by skill in deception
    But now that wily man, Odysseus, muttered: “An old man, an old hulk, has no business fighting a young man, but my belly nags me; nothing will do but I must take a beating.
  37. waif
    a homeless child especially one forsaken or orphaned
    You can give up your habit of command over poor waifs and beggarmen—you swab.
  38. indignity
    an affront to one's self-esteem
    Here, in our house, a guest, can any man suffer indignity, come by such injury? What can this be for you but public shame?
  39. distinguished
    standing above others in character or attainment
    “Suitors of our distinguished queen,” he said, “hear what my heart would have me say.
  40. loam
    a rich soil consisting of sand, clay and organic materials
    Or we could try our hands behind a plow, driving the best of oxen—fat, well-fed, well-matched for age and pulling power, and say four strips apiece of loam the share could break: you’d see then if I cleft you a straight furrow.
"The Odyssey," Vocabulary from Books 19-24
  1. chattel
    personal as opposed to real property
    I wish you’d put your mind on all your house and chattels.
  2. brazen
    unrestrained by convention or propriety
    And now a second time Melantho’s voice rang brazen in Odysseus’ ears
  3. equity
    conformity with rules or standards
    Your name has gone out under heaven like the sweet honor of some god-fearing king, who rules in equity over the strong: his black lands bear both wheat and barley, fruit trees laden bright, new lambs at lambing time—and the deep sea gives great hauls of fish by his good strategy, so that his folk fare well.
  4. stripling
    a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity
    Two sons Deukalion had: Idomeneus, who went to join the Atreidai before Troy in the beaked ships of war; and then myself, Aithon by name—astripling next my brother.
  5. bounty
    generosity evidenced by a willingness to give freely
    You would soon know our love! Our bounty, too: men would turn after you to call you blessed.
  6. wry
    humorously sarcastic or mocking
    Dear guest, no foreign man so sympathetic ever came to my house, no guest more likeable, so wry and humble are the things you say.
  7. odium
    hate coupled with disgust
    Well you know, my hand has been against the world of men and women;odium and distrust I’ve won.
  8. impervious
    not admitting of passage or capable of being affected
    Before them a great boar lay hid in undergrowth, in a green thicket proof against the wind or sun’s blaze, fine soever the needling sunlight,impervious too to any rain, so dense that cover was, heaped up with fallen leaves.
  9. anguish
    extreme distress of body or mind
    Then joy and anguish seized her heart; her eyes filled up with tears; her throat closed, and she whispered, with hand held out to touch his chin: “Oh yes! You are Odysseus!
  10. chide
    censure severely or angrily
    And out of the night sky Athena came to him; out of the nearby dark in body like a woman; came and stood over his head to chide him: “Why so wakeful, most forlorn of men? Here is your home, there lies your lady; and your son is here, as fine as one could wish a son to be.”
  11. vigil
    a period of sleeplessness
    Now you, too, go to sleep. This all night vigil wearies the flesh.
  12. reign
    rule or have supreme power
    Evil may be endured when our days pass in mourning, heavy-hearted, hard beset, if only sleep reign over nighttime, blanketing the world’s good and evil from our eyes.
  13. adversity
    a state of misfortune or affliction
    “O Father Zeus, if over land and water, after adversity, you willed to bring me home, let someone in the waking house give me good augury, and a sign be shown, too, in the outer world.”
  14. loiter
    linger, remain, or wait around for no apparent reason
    You others go fetch water from the spring; no loitering; come straight back.
  15. tether
    restraint consisting of a rope used to restrain an animal
    My own feelings keep going round and round upon this tether: can I desert the boy by moving, herds and all, to another country, a new life among strangers?
  16. hector
    be bossy towards
    “It goes against the grain, my lords, but still I say we take this hectoring by Telemakhos. You know Zeus balked at it, or else we might have shut his mouth a long time past, the silvery speaker.”
  17. humiliation
    state of disgrace or loss of self-respect
    Granted you mean at last to cut me down: I welcome that—better to die than have humiliation always before my eyes, the stranger buffeted, and the serving women dragged about, abused in a noble house.
  18. reproach
    express criticism towards
    as long as hope remained in you to see Odysseus, that great gifted man, again, you could not be reproached for obstinacy, tying the suitors down here
  19. commandeer
    take arbitrarily or by force
    My lords, hear me: suitors indeed, you commandeered this house to feast and drink in, day and night, my husband being long gone, long out of mind.
  20. plunder
    steal goods; take as spoils
    he, Antmoos, destined to be the first of all to savor blood from a biting arrow at his throat, a shaft drawn by the fingers of Odysseus whom he had mocked and plundered, leading on the rest, his boon companions.
  21. postpone
    hold back to a later time
    Today the islanders held holiday, a holy day, no day to sweat over a bowstring. Keep your head. Postpone the bow.
  22. prospect
    belief about the future
    Suppose this exile put his back into it and drew the great bow of Odysseus—could he then take me home to be his bride? You know he does not imagine that! No one need let that prospect weigh upon his dinner! How very, very improbable it seems.
  23. contempt
    open disrespect for a person or thing
    Contempt was all you had for the gods who rule wide heaven, contemptfor what men say of you hereafter.
  24. glower
    look angry or sullen as if to signal disapproval
    Odysseus glowered under his black brows and said: “Not for the whole treasure of your fathers, all you enjoy, lands, flocks, or any gold put up by others, would I hold my hand. There will be killing till the score is paid.
  25. gird
    prepare oneself for action or a confrontation
    Odysseus, when he saw his adversaries girded and capped and long spears in their hands shaken at him, felt his knees go slack, his heart sink, for the fight was turning grim.
  26. superficial
    of, affecting, or being on or near the surface
    Amphi'medon’s point bloodied Telemakhos’ wrist, a superficial wound, and Ktesippos’ long spear passing over Eumaios’ shield grazed his shoulder, hurtled on and fell.
  27. scruples
    motivation deriving from ethical or moral principles
    I had no part in what they did: my part was visionary—reading the smoke of sacrifice. Scruples go unrewarded if I die.
  28. throes
    violent pangs of suffering
    Think of a catch that fishermen haul in to a halfmoon bay in a fine-meshed net from the white-caps of the sea: how all are poured out on the sand, inthroes for the salt sea, twitching their cold lives away in Helios’ fiery air: so lay the suitors heaped on one another.
  29. vanquish
    come out better in a competition, race, or conflict
    To glory over slain men is no piety. Destiny and the gods’ will vanquishedthese, and their own hardness.
  30. pell-mell
    in a wild or reckless manner
    When the great room was cleaned up once again, at swordpoint they forced them out, between the roundhouse and the palisade, pell-mell to huddle in that dead end without exit.
  31. abyss
    a bottomless gulf or pit
    Few men can keep alive through a big surf to crawl, clotted with brine, on kindly beaches in joy, in joy, knowing the abyss behind: and so she too rejoiced, her gaze upon her husband, her white arms round him pressed as though forever.
  32. prophecy
    knowledge of the future, as from a divine source
    The moment of revelation he foretold was this, for you may share theprophecy
  33. replenish
    fill something that had previously been emptied
    Take care of what is left me in our house; as to the flocks that pack of wolves laid waste they’ll be replenished: scores I’ll get on raids and other scores our island friends will give me till all the folds are full again.
  34. venerable
    profoundly honored
    They would have boarded ship that night and fled except for one man’s wisdom— venerable Nestor, proven counselor in the past.
  35. squalor
    sordid dirtiness
    But I might add—don’t take offense—your own appearance could be tidier. Old age yes—but why the squalor, and rags to boot?
  36. bewail
    regret strongly
    His mother at his bier never bewailed him, nor did I, his father, nor did his admirable wife, Penelope, who should have closed her husband’s eyes in death and cried aloud upon him as he lay.
  37. swoon
    pass out from weakness or physical or emotional distress
    Odysseus held him swooning until he got his breath back and his spirit and spoke again
  38. query
    pose a question
    At this point, querying Zeus, Athena said: “O Father of us all and king of kings, enlighten me. What is your secret will?
  39. yield
    give in, as to influence or pressure
    He yielded to her, and his heart was glad.
  40. arbiter
    someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue
    Both parties later swore to terms of peace set by their arbiter, Athena, daughter of Zeus who bears the stormcloud as a shield—though still she kept the form and voice of Mentor.
​
  1. Charybdis
    (Greek mythology) a ship-devouring whirlpool lying on the other side of a narrow strait from Scylla
  2. Muse
    in ancient Greek mythology any of 9 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne; protector of an art or science
  3. Nereid
    (Greek mythology) any of the 50 sea nymphs who were daughters of the sea god Nereus
  4. Scylla
    (Greek mythology) a sea nymph transformed into a sea monster who lived on one side of a narrow strait; drowned and devoured sailors who tried to escape Charybdis (a whirlpool) on the other side of the strait
  5. abase
    cause to feel shame
  6. abhorrence
    hate coupled with disgust
  7. ambrosia
    the food and drink of the gods
  8. ample
    more than enough in size or scope or capacity
  9. amulet
    a trinket thought to be a magical protection against evil
  10. arbor
    a framework that supports climbing plants
  11. asphodel
    any of various chiefly Mediterranean plants of the genera Asphodeline and Asphodelus having linear leaves and racemes of white or pink or yellow flowers
  12. astern
    at, near, or toward the stern of a ship or airplane
  13. averse
    strongly opposed
  14. avowal
    a statement asserting the truth of something
  15. azure
    of a deep somewhat purplish blue color
  16. baleful
    threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
  17. bane
    something causing misery or death
  18. bared
    having the head uncovered
  19. becalmed
    rendered motionless for lack of wind
  20. benefaction
    an act intending or showing kindness and good will
  21. berth
    a place where a craft can be made fast
  22. bleat
    the sound of sheep or goats (or any sound resembling this)
  23. bower
    a framework that supports climbing plants
  24. brazen
    unrestrained by convention or propriety
  25. buffeted
    pounded or hit repeatedly by storms or adversities
  26. cache
    a hidden storage space
  27. caveat
    a warning against certain acts
  28. chaffer
    talk socially without exchanging too much information
  29. citadel
    a stronghold for shelter during a battle
  30. clamber
    climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling
  31. colonnade
    structure consisting of a row of evenly spaced columns
  32. concubine
    a woman who cohabits with an important man
  33. consort
    keep company with; hang out with
  34. conspicuous
    obvious to the eye or mind
  35. coverlet
    a decorative bedspread (usually quilted)
  36. crag
    a steep rugged rock or cliff
  37. dale
    an open valley in a hilly area
  38. dalliance
    the act of delaying and playing instead of working
  39. deliberation
    careful consideration
  40. diachronic
    used of the study of a phenomenon as it changes through time
  41. diatribe
    thunderous verbal attack
  42. dire
    fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless
  43. disconsolate
    sad beyond comforting; incapable of being consoled
  44. doting
    extravagantly or foolishly loving and indulgent
  45. eddy
    a miniature whirlpool or whirlwind
  46. evince
    give expression to
  47. exanimate
    deprived of life; no longer living
  48. expedient
    appropriate to a purpose
  49. feign
    make believe with the intent to deceive
  50. fettle
    a state of fitness and good health
  51. filigree
    delicate and intricate ornamentation
  52. fir
    any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies
  53. gullet
    the passage between the pharynx and the stomach
  54. hawser
    large heavy rope for nautical use
  55. hearth
    an open recess in a wall where a fire can be built
  56. hecatomb
    a great sacrifice
  57. hyacinth
    any of numerous bulbous perennial herbs
  58. imperious
    having or showing arrogant superiority
  59. impertinence
    the trait of being rude and inclined to take liberties
  60. inveigle
    influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering
  61. kine
    domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age
  62. larder
    a small storeroom for storing foods or wines
  63. launder
    cleanse with a cleaning agent, such as soap, and water
  64. laurel
    a small aromatic tree with shiny dark green leaves
  65. limpid
    clear and bright
  66. lout
    an awkward stupid person
  67. marshall
    (in some countries) a military officer of highest rank
  68. mendicant
    a pauper who lives by begging
  69. mete
    a line that indicates a boundary
  70. minstrel
    a singer of folk songs
  71. nape
    the back side of the neck
  72. nimble
    moving quickly and lightly
  73. numinous
    of or relating to or characteristic of a spirit
  74. nymph
    a minor nature goddess depicted as a beautiful maiden
  75. ordain
    invest with ministerial or priestly authority
  76. palestra
    a public place in ancient Greece or Rome devoted to the training of wrestlers and other athletes
  77. palisade
    a strong fence made of stakes driven into the ground
  78. pang
    a sudden sharp feeling
  79. parley
    a negotiation between enemies
  80. patrimony
    an inheritance coming by right of birth
  81. pensive
    deeply or seriously thoughtful
  82. petrel
    relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land
  83. pigsty
    a pen for swine
  84. pinioned
    (of birds) especially having the flight feathers
  85. promontory
    a natural elevation
  86. prow
    the front part of a vessel
  87. rampart
    an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes
  88. rapt
    feeling great delight
  89. repose
    freedom from activity
  90. rue
    feel sorry for; be contrite about
  91. ruffian
    a cruel and brutal fellow
  92. saunter
    walk leisurely and with no apparent aim
  93. saurian
    any of various reptiles of the suborder Sauria which includes lizards; in former classifications included also the crocodiles and dinosaurs
  94. scant
    less than the correct or legal or full amount
  95. scourge
    something causing misery or death
  96. seethe
    foam as if boiling
  97. sequester
    keep away from others
  98. serried
    pressed together
  99. sinew
    a band of tissue connecting a muscle to its bony attachment
  100. singe
    burn superficially or lightly
  101. snare
    a trap for birds or small mammals; often has a slip noose
  102. sojourn
    a temporary stay
  103. spume
    foam or froth on the sea
  104. stout
    having rugged physical strength
  105. suave
    having a sophisticated charm
  106. superficial
    of, affecting, or being on or near the surface
  107. tarry
    leave slowly and hesitantly
  108. thralldom
    the state of being under the control of another person
  109. till
    work land as by ploughing to make it ready for cultivation
  110. timorous
    timid by nature or revealing timidity
  111. travail
    use of physical or mental energy; hard work
  112. tread
    put down or press the foot, place the foot
  113. vagabond
    a wanderer with no established residence or means of support
  114. vat
    a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids
  115. vex
    disturb, especially by minor irritations
  116. vintner
    someone who sells wine
  117. vista
    the visual percept of a region
  118. votive
    dedicated in fulfillment of a vow
  119. whinny
    the characteristic sounds made by a horse
  120. withy
    strong flexible twig
  121. woe
    misery resulting from affliction
  122. incensed
    angered at something unjust or wrong
​"The Odyssey," Vocabulary from Part 1 of the epic poem\
  1. Muse
    in ancient Greek mythology any of 9 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne; protector of an art or science
  2. harry
    annoy continually or chronically
  3. recklessness
    the trait of giving little thought to danger
  4. formidable
    extremely impressive in strength or excellence
  5. guile
    shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
  6. muster
    gather or bring together
  7. Cyclops
    (Greek mythology) one of a race of giants having a single eye in the middle of their forehead
  8. stern
    the rear part of a ship
  9. laurel
    a small aromatic tree with shiny dark green leaves
  10. victuals
    a source of materials to nourish the body
  11. whey
    the serum or watery part of milk that is separated from the curd in making cheese
  12. offer
    present as an act of worship
  13. withy
    strong flexible twig
  14. traffic
    buying and selling, especially illicit trade
  15. ponderous
    having great mass and weight and unwieldiness
  16. brace
    a set of two similar things considered as a unit
  17. lugger
    small fishing boat rigged with one or more lugsails
  18. profusion
    the property of being extremely abundant
  19. nectar
    the food and drink of the gods
  20. ambrosia
    the food and drink of the gods
  21. fuddle
    a confused multitude of things
  22. pike
    a sharp point (as on the end of a spear)
  23. smithy
    a workplace where metal is worked by heating and hammering
  24. adze
    an edge tool used to cut and shape wood
  25. diverse
    many and different
  26. sage
    having wisdom that comes with experience
  27. breach
    an opening, especially a gap in a dike or fortification
  28. pectoral
    of or relating to the chest or thorax
  29. fleece
    outer coat of especially sheep and yaks
  30. breakers
    waves breaking on the shore
  31. adversary
    someone who offers opposition
  32. avowal
    a statement asserting the truth of something
  33. titanic
    of great force or power
  34. aft
    situated at or toward the stern or tail
  35. Cronus
    the supreme god until Zeus dethroned him
  36. offing
    the part of the sea that can be seen from the shore and is beyond the anchoring area
  37. fawn
    try to gain favor by cringing or flattering
  38. foreboding
    a feeling of evil to come
  39. assuage
    cause to be more favorably inclined
  40. Erebus
    Greek god of darkness who dwelt in the underworld
  41. flay
    strip the skin off
  42. cairn
    a mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path
  43. Thebes
    an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC
  44. kine
    domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age
  45. knead
    make uniform
  46. harpy
    a malicious woman with a fierce temper
  47. beetling
    jutting or overhanging
  48. headland
    a natural elevation
  49. azure
    a light shade of blue
  50. abominably
    in an offensive and hateful manner
  51. maelstrom
    a powerful circular current of water
  52. invoke
    request earnestly; ask for aid or protection
  53. plumb
    exactly
  54. founder
    sink below the surface
  55. comber
    a long curling sea wave
  56. smother
    a stifling cloud of smoke
  57. travail
    use of physical or mental energy; hard work
  58. gorge
    the passage between the pharynx and the stomach
  59. spume
    foam or froth on the sea
  60. blanch
    turn pale, as if in fear
  61. Scylla
    (Greek mythology) a sea nymph transformed into a sea monster who lived on one side of a narrow strait; drowned and devoured sailors who tried to escape Charybdis (a whirlpool) on the other side of the strait
  62. anguish
    extreme distress of body or mind
  63. aloft
    high up in or into the air
  64. grapple
    the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat
  65. appease
    cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of
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